History of Modern art 19th Century till 1970 1970 till Present  Roots in the 19th century By the late 19th century, several movements which were to be influential in modern art had begun to emerge: Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, as well as Symbolism. Influences upon these movements were varied: from exposure to Eastern decorative arts, particularly Japanese printmaking, to the colouristic innovations of Turner and Delacroix, to a search for more depiction of common life, as found in the work of painters such as Jean Francois Millet. At the time, the generally held belief was that art should be accurate in its depiction of objects, but that it should be aimed at expressing the ideal, or the domestic. Thus the most successful painters of the day worked either through commissions, or through large public exhibitions of their own work. There were official government sponsored painters' unions, and governments regularly held public exhibitions of new fine and decorative arts. Thus, breaking with idealization and depiction were not merely artistic statements, but decisions with social and economic results. These movements did not necessarily identify themselves as being associated with progress, or art artistic freedom, but instead argued, in the style of the times, that they represented universal values and reality. The Impressionists argued that people do not see objects, but only the light which they reflect, and therefore painters should paint in natural light rather than in studios, and should capture the effects of light in their work. Impressionist artists formed a group to promote their work, which, despite internal tensions, was able to mount exhibitions. The style was adopted by artists in different nations, in preference to a "national" style. These factors established the view that it was a "movement". These traits: establishment of a working method integral to the art, establishment of a movement or visible active core of support, and international adoption, would be repeated by artistic movements in the Modern period in art. Early 20th Century Among the movements which flowered in the first decade of the 20th century were Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism and Futurism. World War I to World War II World War I brought an end to this phase, but indicated the beginning of a number of anti-art movements, such as Dada and the work of Marcel Duchamp, and of Surrealism. Also, artist groups like de Stijl and Bauhaus were seminal in the development of new ideas about the interrelation of the arts, architecture, design and art education. Modern art was introduced to the United States with the Armory Show in 1913, and through European artists who moved to the U.S. during World War I. After World War II It was only after World War II, though, that the U.S. became the focal point of new artistic movements. The 1950's and 1960's saw the emergence of Abstract Expressionism, Color Field Painting, Pop Art, Op Art, Hard-Edge Painting, Minimal Art, Lyrical Abstraction, Postminimalism and various other movements; in the late 1960s and the 1970s, Land Art, Performance Art, Conceptual Art and Photorealism among other movements emerged. Around that period, a number of artists and architects started rejecting the idea of "the modern" and created typically Postmodern works. Starting from the post-World War II period, fewer artists used painting as their primary medium; instead, larger installations and performances became widespread. Since the 1970s, new media art has become a category in itself, with a growing number of artists experimenting with technological means such as video art.